In recent years, the phenomenon of Islamic extremism has occupied the attention of many researchers, and many studies were issued in an attempt to analyze and explain their causes, but most of these studies attributed the phenomenon to cultural factors, and many of them were not devoid of political motives and goals aimed at associating extremism with Islam and Muslims or a specific sectarian trend. Therefore, the scientific and practical need becomes urgent to present a comprehensive approach to this complex phenomenon in a way that achieves a more comprehensive understanding. Accordingly, this study seeks to provide objective scientific knowledge that includes the analysis and deconstruction of the phenomenon to lay the foundations for a comprehensive scientific approach.