The article deals with the causes of the long-term Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the false ideology that served to create this conflict. The Armenian-Azerbaijani Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has long disturbed peace in the South Caucasus and damaged relations between almost all countries in the region. Historically, the perpetrators of many wars and conflicts around the world have sown the seeds of enmity between nations by using fictitious ideologies and using it to their advantage. Russian ideologists who promoted the idea of "Great Russia" also used the armenians as a tool in their imperialist interests. The armenians, resettled to the South Caucasus by tsarist Russia and finally able to establish a state, also began to put forward the idea of "Great Armenia". That is why the Nagorno-Karabakh problem arose. Unfortunately, the propagandists and driving forces of this fictitious ideology were historians. They have "contributed" to this ideology by writing many books that are repetitive, not based on any real history, and are purely propaganda. The purpose of this article is to reveal the roots of the Karabakh problem based on historical facts.