Non-AUG translation: a new start for protein synthesis in eukaryotes
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 1 September 2017
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Genes & Development
- Vol. 31 (17), 1717-1731
- https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.305250.117
Abstract
Although it was long thought that eukaryotic translation almost always initiates at an AUG start codon, recent advancements in ribosome footprint mapping have revealed that non-AUG start codons are used at an astonishing frequency. These non-AUG initiation events are not simply errors but instead are used to generate or regulate proteins with key cellular functions; for example, during development or stress. Misregulation of non-AUG initiation events contributes to multiple human diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration, and modulation of non-AUG usage may represent a novel therapeutic strategy. It is thus becoming increasingly clear that start codon selection is regulated by many trans-acting initiation factors as well as sequence/structural elements within messenger RNAs and that non-AUG translation has a profound impact on cellular states.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Institutes of Health (R00-GM104166, R35-GM119735)
- National Cancer Institute (NCI-P30-CA016520)
- National Institutes of Health (K99-GM126064)
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