Inventarisasi Penyakit Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Varietas Lokananta Asal Biji (True Shallot Seed)

Abstract

One of the limiting factors in the cultivation of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is the attack of pathogens that can reduce the yield of shallots. The use of seed-origin shallots (true shallot seed) of the Lokananta variety for the production of shallot bulbs has not been widely practiced in Indonesia, so information on the types of diseases that attack has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the symptoms and signs of the disease, as well as to determine the types of pathogens in the Lokananta variety shallots. The study was conducted using a survey method. The survey locations were shown in Sleman and Bantul Regencies, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Disease inventory was carried out by directly observing symptoms of pathogen attack on leaves, tubers and plant roots randomly on each onion plant. The isolation stage and macroscopic characteristics were performed in the laboratory. The results showed that there were two main types of diseases on shallots of the Lokananta variety, namely moler's disease caused by the fungus Fusarium sp. and anthracnose (leaf rot) caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Typical symptoms of moler are yellowing leaves that tend to curl, twist (twisted), plants wilt and droop, and tubers rot. The early symptoms of anthracnose are oval to round white spots on the leaves and a depression is formed. Further symptoms are the leaves will break and droop, and blackish conidia colonies are formed. The isolation results of the Lokananta variety of shallots obtained two isolates of Fusarium sp. and one fungal isolate, C. gloeosporioides. The macroscopic characteristics are seen below the surface of two petri dishes of Fusarium sp. and one isolate of C. gloeosporioides as purple, orange and gray, respectively. This study confirmed the type of disease in the Lokananta variety of shallots as basic information in determining the right way of controlling the disease.