Multiple Sclerosis: Microglia, Monocytes, and Macrophage-Mediated Demyelination
Open Access
- 23 September 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
- Vol. 80 (10), 975-996
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlab083
Abstract
This study examined the roles of microglia and monocytes in myelin destruction in patients with early multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty-two cases were studied; the clinical duration was <9 weeks in 10 cases. Twenty myeloid cell subtypes or categories were identified including 2 cell types not known previously to occur in demyelinating diseases. Commencing myelin breakdown in plaques and in perivascular and subpial tissues occurred in the immediate presence of infiltrating monocytes and was effected by a homogeneous population of IgG-positive Fc receptor-bearing early phagocytes interacting with abnormal myelin. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis was observed in intact myelinated tissue bordering areas of active demyelination. Capillaries in the cerebral cortex plugged by large numbers of monocytes were common in acute cases of MS and in a patient with a neuromyelitis optica variant and extreme systemic recruitment of monocytes. In an MS patient with progressive disease, microglial nodules centered on MHC-II-positive capillaries plugged by monocytes were present in the cerebral cortex. This constitutes a new gray matter lesion in MS.Keywords
Funding Information
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia
- The Nerve Research Foundation University of Sydney
- The National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG 2731-A-B)
- NSW Ministry for Science and Medical Research
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