Gaps-In-Noise Test Performance in Children with Speech Sound Disorder and Cognitive Difficulty
Open Access
- 10 July 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by The Korean Audiological Society in Journal of Audiology & Otology
- Vol. 24 (3), 133-139
- https://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2019.00381
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) test is a clinically effective measure of the integrity of the central auditory nervous system. The GIN procedure can be applied to a pediatric population above 7 years of age. The present study conducted the GIN test to compare the abilities of auditory temporal resolution among typically developing children, children with speech sound disorder (SSD), and children with cognitive difficulty (CD). Subjects and Methods: Children aged 8 to 11 years-(total n=30) participated in this study. There were 10 children in each of the following three groups: typically developing children, children with SSD, and children with CD. The Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology was conducted as a clinical assessment of the children's articulation and phonology. The Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) was administered as a screening test for general cognitive function. According to the procedure of Musiek, the pre-recorded stimuli of the GIN test were presented at 50 dB SL. The results were scored by the approximated threshold and the overall percent correct score (%). Results: All the typically developing children had normal auditory temporal resolution based on the clinical cutoff criteria of the GIN test. The children with SSD or CD had significantly reduced gap detection performance compared to age-matched typically developing children. The children's intelligence score measured by the K-WISC-III test explained 37% of the variance in the percent-correct score. Conclusions: Children with SSD or CD exhibited poorer ability to resolve rapid temporal acoustic cues over time compared to the age-matched typically developing children. The ability to detect a brief temporal gap embedded in a stimulus may be related to the general cognitive ability or phonological processing.Keywords
This publication has 30 references indexed in Scilit:
- Temporal Resolution Ability in Students with Dyslexia and Reading and Writing DisordersInternational Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 2014
- Gaps-in-noise (GIN©) test results in children with and without reading disabilities and phonological processing deficitsInternational Journal of Audiology, 2012
- O teste Gaps-in-Noise: limiares de detecção de gap em crianças de 9 anos com audição normalJornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, 2011
- Random gap detection test and random gap detection test-expanded: Results in children with previous language delay in early childhoodAuris Nasus Larynx, 2011
- Resolução temporal: desempenho de escolares no teste GIN - Gaps-in-noiseBrazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 2010
- Nature of Auditory Processing Disorder in ChildrenPEDIATRICS, 2010
- Age-related differences in gap detection: Effects of task difficulty and cognitive abilityHearing Research, 2010
- Temporal Auditory and Visual Motion Processing of Children Diagnosed with Auditory Processing Disorder and DyslexiaEar & Hearing, 2009
- An Adaptive Clinical Test of Temporal ResolutionAmerican Journal of Audiology, 2006
- The Development of Auditory Temporal Acuity in ChildrenChild Development, 1985