Association between Exercise-Induced Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity among Overweight and Obese Youth: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression Analysis
Open Access
- 21 September 2020
- Vol. 7 (9), 147
- https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090147
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the minimum change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) required to reduce adiposity (percent body fat) in exercise programs for overweight and obese youth. Studies were identified through a systematic search of five databases. Studies were limited to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training (e.g., aerobic, strength, concurrent) that assessed percent body fat and CRF for both exercise and control groups in overweight and obese children and adolescents. A series of meta-regressions were conducted to explore links between change in CRF (maximum oxygen consumption, ml/kg/min) and change in percent body fat. Twenty-three RCTs were included (n = 1790, 59% females). Meta-regression analysis suggested that increases of at least 0.38 mL/kg/min in CRF (p < 0.001) were considered to be a clinically important reduction of percent body fat (−2.30%, 95% confidence interval −3.02 to −1.58; p < 0.001; I2 = 92.2%). Subgroup analysis showed that increases of at least 0.17 mL/kg/min in CRF favored a reduction of percent body fat of −1.62% (95% confidence interval −2.04 to −1.20; p < 0.001; I2 = 69.9%). In conclusion, this change in CRF could be considered by pediatric researchers, youth fitness specialists, and health care providers to determine the effectiveness in body fat reductions through exercise.This publication has 39 references indexed in Scilit:
- Improvement of aerobic fitness in obese children: a meta-analysisPediatric Obesity, 2011
- Mechanisms of Exercise‐Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Health and DiseaseComprehensive Physiology, 2011
- Effects of active video games on body composition: a randomized controlled trialThe American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011
- Obese children playing towards an active lifestylePediatric Obesity, 2010
- Physical Activity Reduces Systemic Blood Pressure and Improves Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in Pre-Pubertal Obese ChildrenJournal of Invasive Cardiology, 2009
- The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and ElaborationPLoS Medicine, 2009
- Overweight in Children and AdolescentsJournal of the American College of Cardiology, 2005
- Inflammation, insulin, and endothelial function in overweight children and adolescents: The role of exerciseThe Journal of Pediatrics, 2004
- Measuring inconsistency in meta-analysesBMJ, 2003
- Variance imputation for overviews of clinical trials with continuous responseJournal of Clinical Epidemiology, 1992