Peranan Pilar Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Terhadap Penanganan Gizi Kurang di Provinsi Jawa Barat (The Role Of Pillar Sustainable Development Goals Relate to Tackling Undernutrition in West Java Province)

Abstract

ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Penghapusan malnutrisi dalam segala bentuknya, khususnya gizi kurang (stunting dan underweight) adalah suatu keharusan untuk alasan kesehatan, etika, politik, sosial dan ekonomi. Komitmen Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (TPB) dipertimbangkan untuk dapat diarahkan kepada tindakan dan akuntabilitas untuk dapat menangani  penyebab langsung dan tidak langsung dari segala bentuk malnutrisi. Tujuan: Menganalisis peranan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan terhadap penanganan gizi kurang (stunting dan underweight) dan menyusun pemodelan hubungan keduanya. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder. Unit analisis 27 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat selama tahun 2016-2017, dengan total 54 unit. Variabel dependen penelitian ini adalah gizi kurang (stunting dan underweight) pada anak usia 0-59 bulan, sedangkan variabel independennya yaitu pilar sosial, pilar ekonomi dan pilar lingkungan. Data penelitian diolah menggunakan pendekatan Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) Hasil: Pencapaian pilar lingkungan dapat mendorong peningkatan capaian pilar sosial dan ekonomi sehingga secara langsung dan tidak lansung mampu menurunkan prevalensi gizi kurang dengan total 5,09%. Pencapaian pilar sosial dapat secara langsung meningkatkan pencapaian pilar ekonomi sehingga secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat menurunkan prevalensi gizi kurang dengan total 3,65%. Peningkatan pencapaian pilar ekonomi dapat secara langsung menurukan prevalensi gizi kurang sebesar 3.86%. Semua hubungan signifikan dengan t-statistik > 1,96 (α=0,05). Kesimpulan: Penurunan masalah gizi kurang (stunting (TB/U) dan underweight (BB/U)) pada anak usia 0-59 bulan dapat dipengaruhi oleh pencapaian indikator di masing-masing pilar TPB. Kombinasi pilar sosial, lingkungan dan ekonomi dalam penanganan masalah gizi secara bersama-sama menunjukkan penurunan prevalensi gizi kurang yang cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan hanya melalui pencapaian indikator pada satu/dua pilar TPB. ABSTRACT Background: Tackling malnutrition in all its forms, especially undernutrition (stunting, underweight) is a necessity related to health, ethical, political, social and economic reasons. Commitment to the post-2015 framework, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is considered to be directed towards action and accountability to be able to address the direct and indirect causes of all forms of malnutrition. Objectives: To analyze the role of SDGs indicators in tackling undernutrition (stunting dan underweight) and to determine the undernutrition and SDGs modelling in West Java province. Methods: This study used secondary data. The unit analysis was 27 districts of West Java Province during 2016-2017, with a total 54 units. The dependent variable was undernutrition (stunting nd underweight) in children aged 0-59 months. The independent variables were the pillars of social development, the pillars of environmental development and the pillars of economic development. The data were analyzed using Partial Least-square-structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: The achievement of environmental pillars can encourage increased achievement of social and economic pillars so it can direct and directly decrease the prevalence of undernutrition with a total of 5.09%. The improvement of social pillar can directly increase the achievement of economic pillars so that directly and indirectly can decrease the prevalence of undernutrition with total by 3.65%. The achievement of economic pillars can directly decrease the prevalence of undernutrition 3.86%. All the results were significant with t-statistic > 1.96 (α = 0.05). Conclusion: Reduced undernutrition (stunting and underweight) in children aged 0-59 months can be influenced by the achievement of indicators in each pillars of SDGs. The combination of social, environmental and economic pillars in tackling malnutrition shows a higher decrease in undernutrition’s prevalence than only through the achievement of indicators in one or two pillars of SDGs.