Calcium score as a screening method for cardiovascular disease diagnosis

Abstract

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is characteristic of coronary atherosclerosis, which is often detected by chest computed tomography. The standardized method for assessing CAC is the calcium score (CS) using the Agatston scoring system. A semi-quantitative ECG-synchronized assessment of coronary calcium score is considered a strong prognostic factor for coronary events in asymptomatic patients. Zero CS can serve as the strongest unfavorable risk factor for cardiovascular events in 10-15 years. According to international guidelines, CS should be used in patients of intermediate and low risks with a family history of cardiovascular diseases, as well as in patients with diabetes older than 40 years. The aim of this review was to summarize current data on the clinical significance of CS taking into account the results of international multicenter studies, current international guidelines and further prospects for its wider use in cardiology practice.