Antibiotic Susceptibility and Resistance of Clinical Isolates against Various Antibiotics

Abstract

Antibiotics are a vital tool in the treatment of a wide range of bacterial diseases, but their overuse and abuse are leading to bacterial resistance. Culture and sensitivity are the best test to select appropriate antibiotics. Objective: To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates to various antibiotics. Methods: Collection of samples was done from patients at the Fatima Memorial Hospital's pathology department in Lahore, Pakistan. Total 1000 clinical isolates were isolated from 1400 samples collected. Conventional culture and biochemical tests were used for the identification of bacteria. Antibacterial activity were assessed by comparing antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Gram positive clinical isolates to 26 commercial antibiotic discs (Amikacin, Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Augmetin, Cefazolin, Cefepime, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxiitin, Cefriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Cephalothin, Ciprofloxicin, Clindamycin, Gentamycin, Imipenem, Levofloxacin, Linezolid, Meropenem, Nalidixic Acid, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Rifampicin, and Vancomycin) by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 1000 clinical isolates had been identified. Among Gram Positive isolates, the most common pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus 400 (40.0%) and Streptococcus pyogenes 50 (5.0%). Conclusion: There is need to improve the technical facilities to minimize the antibiotic resistance by selecting appropriate antibiotics and proper hand washing recommended.