Allergen Preparation and Standardization: An Update

Abstract
Allergy is defined as an exaggerated response of the adaptive immune system typified by immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses against the offending substance called ‘allergen’ [1]. The immunologic basis of allergic diseases is observed in two phases: sensitization and development of memory T and B cell responses along with IgE production [2]. Allergy manifests in form of various conditions such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic asthma, serum sickness, allergic vasculitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, atopic dermatitis (eczema), contact dermatitis and granulomatous reactions, as well as the colorful spectrum of food or drug - induced hypersensitivity reactions [2]. Asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and inhalant sensitization have been appropriately referred to as first wave of the epidemic of the 21st century [3,4]. During the last 60 years, there has been a rise in the epidemic prevalence of allergic disorders, which is expected to reach up to 4 billion in 2050s [5].