Primary Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis in Children and Correlation with Sleep Disorders in Arak, Iran

Abstract

Background: Nocturnal enuresis is a symptom defined as enuresis in children with higher than 5 years of age that might have mutual connection to sleep disturbances. This condition might be a stressful factor for children and their families. Objectives: This study aimed to find the correlation between primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE), as a stressful factor and sleep disorders. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 132 children, including 66 children with nocturnal enuresis as the case group and 66 healthy children as the control group. The two groups were homogenous in age, gender, and other demographic characteristics. The organized sleep disorder questionnaire based on sleep disorder diagnostic criteria (using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision) was used in this study. The correlation between PMNE and sleep disorders was investigated based on the chi-square test on SPSS software (version 23). Results: The mean scores of the subjects with sleep disorders in the control and case groups were 0.38 ± 0.78 and 2.24 ± 1.73, respectively. Therefore, there were significant differences between the two groups in sleep disorders (P = 0.001). In addition, primary insomnia, hypersomnia, circadian sleep rhythm, and sleep terror disorders in the case group were higher than the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The PMNE has been defined as a risk factor for sleep disorders.