Objective: To observe the characteristics of perioperative anesthesia between patients with pituitary tumor and non-pituitary brain occupation. Methods: A total of 320 cases of patients in the neurosurgery department of our hospital with brain occupation who were intending to have surgery under general anesthesia were selected. Among them, 156 patients with pituitary tumor and 164 patients with non-pituitary tumor were served as the observation group and the control group. Patients in the two group were injected with midazolam 0.4 mg, propofol 2 mg∙kg−1, sufentanil 0.3 ug∙kg−1, and atracurium 20 mg, which were for rapid induction of anesthesia, endotracheal intubation, and mechanical. BIS was maintained at 40~60 through target controlled concentration of propofol during the operation; sufentanil and atracurium were added discontinuously. Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative and post-extubation dorsal artery blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis. Blood gas analysis of dorsolateral foot arteries was performed before, during, after and after extubation, respectively. Partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) were measured, and the recovery time of spontaneous breathing, extubation time, blood pressure, heart rate and postoperative complications of the patients were recorded. Results: Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative and post-extubation arterial oxygen partial pressure in the pituitary tumor group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), the recovery time of spontaneous and extubation time was longer than that in the control group (P 0.05). The incidence of hypertension in group D was significantly higher than that in group C (27.3%); compared with group C, 28 patients in group D had abnormal heart rate, and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence of respiratory obstruction in group D was significantly higher than that in group C (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Pituitary tumor can affect the respiratory function and circular function of patients and prolong the postoperative recovery time of spontaneous and extubation time; besides, the blood pressure and heart rate of patients fluctuate violently during operation, so the perioperative anesthesia management of respiratory and circulatory functions of pituitary tumor patients should be done well.