糖类免疫增强剂是一类能提高机体免疫性能、加速诱导免疫应答反应的糖类添加剂，主要分为低聚糖类免疫增强剂和多糖类免疫增强剂。糖类免疫增强剂具有安全、高效、无毒、低成本、不污染环境等优点，在机体内能够刺激相应的模式识别受体，抑制炎症反应，促进机体非特异性免疫。目前，糖类免疫增强剂已在鱼类、虾蟹等水产动物饲料中广泛使用。本文从糖类免疫增强剂对水产动物的促生长、免疫增强作用及其机理、使用效果等方面综述了糖类免疫增强剂在水产养殖中的研究进展。 Carbohydrate immunopotentiator is a carbohydrate additive which can improve the immune performance and accelerate the induction of immune response. They are mainly divided into oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Carbohydrate immunopotentiators are safety, high efficiency, non-toxicity, low cost and no environmental pollution. They can stimulate the corresponding pattern recognition receptors in the body, inhibit the inflammatory reaction and promote the nonspecific immunity of the body. At present, carbohydrate immunopotentiators have been widely used in fish, shrimp and crab feed. In this paper, the research progress of carbohydrate immunopotentiators in aquaculture was reviewed from the aspects of growth promotion, immune enhancement, mechanism, and application effect of carbohydrate immunopotentiators.