Evolution of extraction technique for the separation of bioactive compounds from Aegle marmelos

Abstract

Phytochemical compounds generally protect and prevent their plants from adverse effects. These chemicals are promising candidates in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Many studies have highlighted the phytochemical constituents of Aegle marmelos and their functionalities. Several bioactive compounds of A. marmelos have been reported for their potential to either prevent or reduce the risk of diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorder, and bacterial infections. Multiple extraction methods with different parameters and results are reported for extracting phytoconstituents from A. marmelos. The commonly reported extraction techniques are divided into conventional and non-conventional methods. Though conventional techniques such as maceration and cold percolation are simple to implement, they require a long duration and a large amount of solvent. Microwave- and ultrasonic-assisted techniques are faster and more efficient than conventional methods. Choice of solvent, duration of extraction, and temperature are common process parameters that are to be optimized for each technique. The choice of extraction method and optimization of process parameters are critical for the process scaleup for extracting valuable phytochemicals from A. marmelos. Thus, this review consolidates the importance of the plant by analysis of the bioactive compounds present in it and reviews the extraction techniques suitable for the tree.