The Effect of a Novel Low-Volume Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Liver Fat in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a novel low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), or placebo (PLA) intervention on liver fat, glycemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness using a randomized placebo-controlled design. Thirty-five inactive adults (age 54.6 ± 1.4 years, 54% male; BMI 35.9 ± 0.9 kg/m²) with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized to 12 weeks of supervised MICT (n = 12) at 60% VO_2peak for 45 min, 3 days/week; HIIT (n = 12) at 90% VO_2peak for 4 min, 3 days/week; or PLA (n = 11). Liver fat percentage was quantified through proton MRS. Liver fat reduced in MICT (−0.9 ± 0.7%) and HIIT (−1.7 ± 1.1%) but increased in PLA (1.2 ± 0.5%) (P = 0.046). HbA_1c improved in MICT (−0.3 ± 0.3%) and HIIT (−0.3 ± 0.3%) but not in PLA (0.5 ± 0.2%) (P = 0.014). Cardiorespiratory fitness improved in MICT (2.3 ± 1.2 mL/kg/min) and HIIT (1.1 ± 0.5 mL/kg/min) but not in PLA (−1.5 ± 0.9 mL/kg/min) (P = 0.006). MICT or a low-volume HIIT approach involving 12 min of weekly high-intensity aerobic exercise may improve liver fat, glycemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with type 2 diabetes in the absence of weight loss. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between exercise-induced reductions in liver fat and improvements in glycemia.