Low Input Sustainable Agriculture and Its Development Status in China

Abstract

农业高度工业化对社会经济和生物多样性所带来的负面影响日渐增高，也间接加快了新型态农业规范的发展脚步。此现象也在全球催生了新的环境社会行动和农业操作模式。低投入可持续农业(Low Input Sustainable Agriculture, LISA)也逐渐导向为全球所关注。可持续发展课题需要政府与民间合力推广。全球多个国家致力于LISA在农业上的推广，透过出台各种法案，来减少肥料与农化学品的应用，恢复农业生态，实施农业信息化(IOT)，农业教育推广以及农业机械化等。可持续棕榈油圆桌倡议组织(RSPO)是世界棕榈油产业中重要的组织之一，实施LISA以降低环境风险，并且维持棕榈油生产的可持续性。此外，RSPO的指导框架也努力提升种植者的收入, 改善了种植者的生活水平。在中国，过量化肥和农药导致土壤退化，也造成了环境污染。近年来，LISA理念的进入也恰逢国家推展的双减政策，可持续农法降低不必要的生产成本，以增加农民的收入。作者以为，LISA在中国落地，需要满足几点，首先是技术先行，解决农户问题仍回归技术本质。二者，劳动力减负为下个爆发痛点，需仰赖更有效率的营养管理方案来实现。第三，农业科普教育推广懂田间实战的技术专家更能贴近市场。最后，中国式LISA需要走进农业农村单位，长期工作目标则是设定LISA田间作业规范，把影响力发挥到农产产业链下游。 The highly industrialized way of agriculture has caused significantly negative impacts on produc-tion, socio-economic and biodiversity in our life, which also indirectly accelerated the development of new agricultural norms. This has prompted strong interest of new environmental social move-ment as well as new agricultural practices in the world. Under this circumstance, Low Input Sus-tainable Agriculture (LISA) has been proposed and promoted worldwide and it is now increasingly become a new global trend in many agricultural protocols and practices. Sustainable development requires participation of both the government and peoples. Many countries have promulgated re-lated law and regulations to manage LISA practices in their agricultural sectors. Efforts including reduction on fertilizer and agrochemicals application, agro-ecology restoration, implementation of IoT (internet of thing) in farming, agricultural education outreach, and farm automation application are the practices that have been conducted in many countries. In the management palm oil plantation and production, Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) organization have conducted LISA works to minimize environmental risks and to ensure the sustainability of palm oil production, RSPO practices also highly increased the profit of growers. In China, overuse of agrochemical products has led to soil destruction and other environmental pollutions. Introduction of LISA recent years has complied with China national regulation on fertilizer and agrochemicals cut to restore soil fertility and maintain the crop productivity, and most importantly, these sustainable farming helps to increase farmer income by cutting unnecessary costs. According to authors, there are several points that LISA needs to meet to land in China. Firstly, technology comes first, and the solution to farmers' problems still goes back to the essence of technology; secondly, aging labor burden reduction is an upcoming problem to be solved in many area, which needs to be realized by more efficient management programs. Thirdly, agricultural outreach services for both theorical and practical guidance to farmer. Lastly, Chinese LISA needs to enter agricultural and rural units. The long term objective is to launch related farm management regulations to create potential benefits to downstream of agricultural chain.