Data-Driven Near-Optimal On-Line Control for an Electrically Heated Catalyst-Equipped Gasoline Engine
- 31 May 2022
- journal article
- research article
- Published by SAE International in SAE International Journal of Engines
- Vol. 16 (3), 335-346
- https://doi.org/10.4271/03-16-03-0019
Abstract
An integrated electrically heated catalyst (EHC) in the three-way catalyst (TWC) of a gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) is a promising technology to reduce engine cold-start pollutant emissions. Pre-heating the TWC ensures earlier catalyst light-off of a significant portion of the TWC. In such a case, the engine could readily be operated in a fuel-optimal manner since the engine cold-start emission is efficiently treated by the warmed-up EHC-equipped TWC. Pre-heating the EHC is an effective way to reduce cold-start emissions, among other possible EHC strategies. However, it might not always be possible to use pre-heating if the engine-start time is uncertain. In such a case, pre-heating can be started when the engine start is known with greater confidence and post-heating the catalyst could be followed. It would then be natural to turn off the EHC when the payoff for the electrical energy spent is no longer effective in engine cold-start emission reduction. The point in time at which to stop the EHC thus needs to be controlled. A model-free on-line adaptive controller aimed at minimizing the total equivalent emission is proposed, which is based on a set of precomputed look-up optimum EHC stop times for the various possible fuel consumption trajectories. Compared to the theoretically optimal controller, the proposed controller gives a penalty of about 1% emission-based cost. A simulation framework for cold-start control and equivalent emission metric developed earlier are used in conjunction with a validation proposal to compare the performance of the candidate controllers.Keywords
This publication has 8 references indexed in Scilit:
- A simulation framework for cold-start evaluation of a gasoline engine equipped with an electrically heated three-way catalystIFAC-PapersOnLine, 2021
- Data-Driven Model Predictive Control With Stability and Robustness GuaranteesIEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 2021
- The Development of Low Temperature Three-Way Catalysts for High Efficiency Gasoline Engines of the FutureSAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 2017
- Development of the World-wide harmonized Light duty Test Cycle (WLTC) and a possible pathway for its introduction in the European legislationTransportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2015
- SI Engine Control in the Cold-Fast-Idle Period for Low HC Emissions and Fast Catalyst Light OffSAE International Journal of Engines, 2014
- Comparison of Cold Start Calibrations, Vehicle Hardware and Catalyst Architecture of 4-Cylinder Turbocharged VehiclesSAE International Journal of Engines, 2013
- From model-based control to data-driven control: Survey, classification and perspectiveInformation Sciences, 2013
- Fuel Penalty Comparison for (Electrically) Heated Catalyst TechnologyOil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles, 2010