Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Acute Toxicity Studies on Methanolic Extracts of Citrus medica L. and Citrus hystrix D. C. Fruits
- 30 October 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Sciencedomain International in Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
- Vol. 33 (47B), 52-67
- https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i47b33096
Abstract
Aim: The present study aims to investigate the phytochemical, antimicrobial and acute toxicity assay of methanol extract of Citrus medica L. fruit (CMF) and Citrus hystrix D.C. fruit (CHF). Place and Duration of Study: Fruit samples were collected between February to August 2018, at the Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University. Methodology: Phytochemical studies were conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), HR-LC-MS (High Resolution-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry), Graphite Furnace-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) respectively. The standard filtered disc-diffusion method was used for antimicrobial assay. Acute toxicity was performed using 423-OECD guidelines. Results: GC-MS and HR-LC-MS analysis showed presence of Ranitidine, 4-Methylesculetin, Diosmin and Avobenzone in CMF whereas 9-Octadecenamide, Gamma-Sitosterol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol, Rhoifolin, Diosmin and Phytosphingosine in CHF. GF-AAS and ICP-OES study prominently showed Pb content in both the samples. Highest element in CMF was Pb (4.26±0.120 ppm) while in CHF was Cr (4.35±0.70 ppm). Antimicrobial study exhibited highest inhibitory effect of CMF against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia while CHF against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus than Gentamicin (pConclusion: We concluded that CMF and CHF cultivation site selection should be the first step to avoid Pb content. The CMF and CHF have many health beneficial constituents. From this study also concluded that CMF and CHF may be a potential source of antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiarthritic, diuretic, antiinflammatory and anticancer effects. However, further study to understand whether changes in serum constituent level for prolonged period usages as medicine or nutraceuticals is highly recommended.Keywords
This publication has 25 references indexed in Scilit:
- Orchards for edible cities: Cadmium and lead content in nuts, berries, pome and stone fruits harvested within the inner city neighbourhoods in Berlin, GermanyEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2014
- Antiarthritic and antiinflammatory propensity of 4-methylesculetin, a coumarin derivativeBiochimie, 2013
- Diosmin protects against ethanol-induced hepatic injury via alleviation of inflammation and regulation of TNF-α and NF-κB activationAlcohol, 2013
- Molecular characterization ofCitrus macropteraMontr. (Satkara): An endangered wild species from northeast IndiaPlant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2013
- Rhoifolin; A Potent Antiproliferative Effect on Cancer Cell LinesBritish Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013
- Anti‐Inflammatory Property of n‐Hexadecanoic Acid: Structural Evidence and Kinetic AssessmentChemical Biology & Drug Design, 2012
- Ameliorative effect of diosmin, a citrus flavonoid against streptozotocin-nicotinamide generated oxidative stress induced diabetic ratsChemico-Biological Interactions, 2012
- A Review on Heavy Metals (As, Pb, and Hg) Uptake by Plants through PhytoremediationInternational Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011
- Metal analysis in Citrus Sinensis fruit peel and Psidium Guajava leafToxicology International, 2011
- Chemical Synthesis of 9(Z)-Octadecenamide and Its Hypolipidemic Effect: A Bioactive Agent Found in the Essential Oil of Mountain Celery SeedsJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010