Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 at Abass Ndao Hospital Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC)

Abstract

Introduction: SARS-COV2 infection is a major public health problem and diabetes mellitus is a serious factor. The objective was to determine the characteristics of COVID-19 in diabetics at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of the Abass Ndao Hospital Center. Observation: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out at Abass Ndao Hospital from March 01, 2021 to September 31, 2021. We evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics. Results: Among 333 patients infected with COVID-19, 203 were diabetic (60.96%). The sex ratio was 0.70 and the mean age 60.18 years. Diabetes was type 2 (84.2%) and inaugural (15.8%). Arterial hypertension was the main comorbidity (86.96% of cases). The RT-PCR test was positive in 86.21% of cases. The main clinical signs were: asthenia (90.14%), dyspnea (78.81%), cough (52.21%) and body aches (52.21%). Oxygen saturation was alanced in 71.43% with an average blood sugar of 2.02 ± 4 g/l. At the paraclinical, the D dimer was ≥1000 ng/l (71.52%) and the C-reactive protein ≥100 mg/l (32.01%). Chest CT scan found mild to moderate (55.17%), severe (21.67%) and critical (17.24%) lung lesions. Pulmonary embolism was found in 4 diabetics. The treatment of diabetes was represented by insulin therapy (85.82%) and oral antidiabetics (24.11%). Anti-COVID-19 treatment was dominated by azithromycin (89.11%), corticosteroid therapy (92.11%), anticoagulants (99%), hydroxychloroquine (21.29%). Mortality was found in 14.36% (n = 29) and significantly correlated with age ≥ 60 years (OR = 3.013 [1.266 - 7.173], P = 0.005), short duration of hospitalization (OR = 3.154 [1.149 - 8.663], P = 0.009), C-reactive protein > 100 mg/l (OR = 6.370 [2.704 - 15.006], P [2.633 - 15.222], P [3.367 - 18.322], P Conclusion: Diabetes is one of the most important comorbidities linked to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The seriousness factors in this field remain age ≥ 60 years, lung damage ≥ 50%, CRP ≥ 100 mg/l, and oxygen saturation at 90%.