The Role of Epigenetics in the Regulation of Osteoblasts and the Relationship with Osteoporosis

Abstract

目前表观遗传学的研究正愈加受到重视，表观遗传不通过改变DNA的编码顺序也可以调控基因的表达，而DNA甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化作为表观遗传学的重要机制，更是目前表观遗传学研究的热门方向。DNA的甲基化和去甲基化，组蛋白的修饰之间是否达到平衡更是保证干细胞向成骨细胞正常分化的关键。基因表达时序性被打破不仅会影响到成骨分化，更与骨科类疾病，如骨质疏松有密切的联系。本文主要综述了近年来DNA甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化和miRNA对成骨细胞分化的调控作用及其与骨质疏松关系的最新研究进展。 At present, epigenetics is getting more and more attention. Epigenetics can also regulate gene expression without changing the coding sequence of DNA, and DNA methylation and histone acetylation, as important mechanisms of epigenetics, are the hot research directions of epigenetics. The balance between DNA methylation, demethylation and histone modification is the key to ensure the normal differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts. The disruption of gene expression timing not only affects osteogenic differentiation, but also is closely related to orthopedic diseases, such as osteoporosis. In this paper, the recent advances in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and miRNA regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and their relationship with osteoporosis were reviewed.