Characterization of fruit quality, functional metabolites, and antioxidant activity in 22 selections of nance (Byrsonima crassifolia L.) H.B.K. from Nayarit, Mexico

Abstract

Introduction - The nance (Byrsonima crassifolia L.) is a phenotypically-diverse tree of Mesoamerican origin with fruits that are widely accepted by consumers near local regions of production. However, few studies have examined their content of functional metabolites (e.g., phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids) and antioxidant activities. Objectives - To characterize the antioxidant capacity and functional metabolites of different selections of nance in order to identify the genotype(s) with the best quality attributes, and hence, the most suitable candidate(s) for fresh consumption. Material and methods - Fruits from 22 genotypes of nance, constituting a selection of both native and commercial varieties, were collected from several locations in the Mexican state of Nayarit. These were harvested when ripe, and their quality parameters, functional metabolites, and antioxidant activities were assessed. Results and discussion - There was great variability in key quality attributes among the 22 selections of nance studied. These included total soluble solids (CV=33%), titratable acidity (CV=65.16%), total phenols (CV=62.45%), total flavonoids (CV=150.08%), total carotenoids (CV=129.47%), and antioxidant activity as determined using the FRAP assay (CV=59.24%). Cluster analysis could further separate the fruits into three groups. Groups I and II consisted of small to medium-sized yellow fruits of either a low or high TA, and considerable antioxidant activity. Group III, on the other hand, consisted of large yellow, green, and orange fruits with relatively high contents of total soluble solids and carotenoids. Conclusion - Group I and III fruits have both good quality characteristics and high antioxidant activities; they should therefore be considered as the most suitable candidates for fresh consumption.