本文通过X-射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)、X-射线衍射(XRD)对鄂尔多斯市的煤矸石进行元素分析、成分分析、主要成分的含量分析，对其组分结构进行鉴定，并通过红外光谱、激光拉曼光谱、X-射线衍射(XRD)光谱进行验证，发现该煤矸石中氟化钙的含量较高，可能为萤石。若能将其提取出来，则可将煤矸石变废为宝，发挥其潜在的经济价值。 In this paper, the main components of the coal gangue in Ordos City were carried out by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the element analysis, composition analysis and content analysis, and its component structure was identified and verified by infrared spectrum, laser Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum. It was found that the content of calcium fluoride in coal gangue was high, which may be fluorite. The calcium fluoride could be turned into treasure and its potential economic value could be brought into play by extracting from the coal gangue.