Validation of modified QuEChERS method for metformin and triclosan quantification in sewage using LC-MS
- 26 September 2022
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Taylor & Francis Ltd in International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Abstract
The compounds in pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) that may be potential environmental pollutants include metformin and triclosan. The suitable method to estimate the presence of metformin (MET) and triclosan (TRI) in wastewater treatment facilities is developed and validated in this research study. This study aimed to quantify the MET and TRI in sewage through a liquid chromatograph – mass spectrometer (LC-MS 8040) by a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) technique of sample preparation. In LC-MS 8040, the Milli-Q water and sewage were examined at three different concentrations (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 mg L−1) of MET and TRI. The recoveries of MET in both the matrixes ranged between 88.10 to 116.10% whereas the recoveries were ranged from 86.70 to 116.30% for TRI (n = 7, RSD −1. With the matrix effect of < 10% in sewage, the approach was shown to be very linear (R2 = 0.9969 for MET and R2 = 0.9939 for TRI) and reliable. The precision was also exemplary with the RSD value of < 10% (n = 6). This method accurately assessed MET (BDL to 0.0657 mg L−1) and TRI (BDL to 0.1833 mg L−1) concentrations in sewage samples of Ukkadam sewage treatment plant (USTP) and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University treatment plant (TSTP). This is a unique use of the QuEChERS method for calculating these two compounds from aqueous matrixes with substantially greater outputs (20–25 samples per day) than typical Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) procedures.Keywords
Funding Information
- University Grants Commission
This publication has 40 references indexed in Scilit:
- Formation and occurrence of transformation products of metformin in wastewater and surface waterScience of The Total Environment, 2018
- Occurrence and indicators of pharmaceuticals in Chinese streams: A nationwide studyEnvironmental Pollution, 2018
- Pharmaceutical concentration variability at sewage treatment plant outlets dominated by hydrology and other factorsEnvironmental Pollution, 2018
- Occurrence and environmental levels of triclosan and triclocarban in selected wastewater treatment plants in Gauteng Province, South AfricaEmerging Contaminants, 2017
- Optimization of a Modified QuEChERS Method for Multiresidue Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Sewage and Surface Water by LC-MS/MSJournal of AOAC International, 2017
- A review of monitoring methods for triclosan and its occurrence in aquatic environmentsTrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2016
- A first screening and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and additives in personal care products in waste water, sludge, recipient water and sediment from Faroe Islands, Iceland and GreenlandScience of The Total Environment, 2016
- Endocrine disrupting effects of domestic wastewater on reproduction, sexual behavior, and gene expression in the brackish medaka Oryzias melastigmaChemosphere, 2016
- Triclosan: Current Status, Occurrence, Environmental Risks and Bioaccumulation PotentialInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2015
- Sampling for PPCPs in Wastewater Systems: Comparison of Different Sampling Modes and Optimization StrategiesEnvironmental Science & Technology, 2010