The life of the Ukrainian nation developed in such a way that due to unfavorable historical circumstances there were few long-term phenomena in it. But in the pages of the history of each nation there is imprinted its image – intelligence, spirituality, dignity, the ability to build or destroy, consume or create, act or contemplate. National identity is considered to be a fundamental feature of the nation, that is the most comprehensive combination of mind and spirit, which are acquired and transmitted from generation to generation. One prominent personality of I. Vyhovsky is pointed out as a glorious figure in the history of the Ukrainian Cossack state. During his life I. Vyhovsky had a number of followers mainly among the gentry who supported him after collapse of relations with Moscow in 1657. The opposing forces which operated against I. Vyhovsky were not only from pro-Moscow adherents but from the senior Cossacks as well as peasants. Those ones were talented at gossiping, slandering. After I. Vyhovsky’s death the oponents simmered dowm, however, the facts related to his political and statebuilding activities have been preserved since that period.