The study is relevant because of insufficient coverage in Ukrainian historiography of amnestied disabled people issue, as well as stereotypes in the social and historical memory of the late Stalinism period, the beginning of the Thaw, as a time of social welfare, absence of an abuse of power, corruption, crime, beggary, and vagrancy. The paper deals with the preconditions, carrying out and social consequences of the large-scale amnesty declared by the Soviet leadership at the initiative of L. Beria (March 1953) after Stalin’s death in the context of a general liberalization of the political regime, de-Stalinization, and power struggle, amnesty for the disabled, and UkrSSR social security measures for adaptation of persons with disabilities to the social environment. The goal of the paper is to disclose the measures of the social security system to regulate the situation of amnestied disabled people in the early 1950s and to determine the ability of the system to solve the problem. Accordingly, the objectives of the study are to analyze the social and scientific relevance of the study, the preconditions, the principles of amnesty in March 1953, measures aimed at resolving the situation of socially vulnerable groups in UkrSSR who were released after the declaration of the amnesty, and analysis of the effectiveness of government actions to solve the issue. The information about the categories of Gulag prisoners who were amnestied and the number of people who arrived in UkrSSR after the amnesty is given. Measures taken to provide assistance, resumption of social payments, adaptation, rehabilitation, and socialization of disabled people under amnesty are analyzed. The facts of vagrancy and begging in the specified period are studied. It is found out that the social security system of UkrSSR was not ready to solve new tasks, did not have a sufficient network of institutions and resources and failed to provide amnestied disabled people with the most necessary things in a short time. The society of that time faced a social crisis, one of the indicators of which was the social vulnerability of rehabilitated disabled people. Prospects for further research are to analyze the impact of further amnesties on the social and political situation in the country and the state of certain social groups during the Khrushchev Thaw.