Field Measurements and Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Transients in HDPE Pipeline with PRV Interaction

Abstract

Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are commonly used in urban water supply systems (UWSS). To study the joint effect of PRV and viscoelasticity on transient wave propagation, extensive experiments have been conducted in a field-scale reservoir-PRV-viscoelastic pipeline system covering a wide range of internal pressure heads ($\mathrm{\sim }\mathrm{10}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{60}\mathrm{m}$ ) and air temperatures (12°C–33°C). In addition, a one-dimensional method of characteristics (MOC) based model that incorporates a PRV model and the generalized Kelvin-Voigt (K-V) model for pipe viscoelasticity is developed and validated against field data for the first time. The simulated transient pressures are in good agreement with field measurements. The K-V parameters exhibit a clustered distribution and the mean value for each element can provide a satisfactory simulation. The PRV in hydraulic transients can be interpreted as a quasi-dead-end with a self-adjusting opening, and causes additional positive pressure wave reflections that are gradually damped due to viscoelasticity. The dynamic changes in PRV opening, head loss, pressure wave reflection, and transmission induced by an incident pressure surge are predicted. Due to the joint action of PRV and pipeline viscoelasticity, the pressure oscillations in an intact pipe settle to a value that is considerably higher than the initial PRV set pressure. In a leaking pipe, the downstream pressure reverts to the original set pressure within a few wave cycles. Leaks can be detected by wave reflections in the time domain signals. The existence of leaks is also found to be associated with the the amplification and damping of the frequency response function (FRF) of the system at certain resonance peaks. This study provides new insights into wave propagation in HDPE pipeline with PRV interaction and an original data set for validation of leakage detection methods.