Constitutional Gender Anti-Discrimination Measures in European Model of Human Rights

Abstract

The present research featured anti- discrimination laws used in EU countries. The research objective was to describe the categories of equality, non-discrimination, and protection against discrimination within the European model of human rights, as well as to analyze their effectiveness. The article focuses on domestic violence, gender discrimination in the political sphere, and the so-called gender laws, or laws on gender-based violence. Even in the modern world, women still remain subject to discrimination. This fact justifies the development of special laws to protect their natural rights. However, the exact extent of gender discrimination remains unclear. The author raises the question of effectiveness of such laws and other legal provisions. The research featured both constitutional norms and current legislation in cases its norms develop the constitutionally significant principle of non-discrimination, as well as the practice of constitutional review bodies, special bodies, and legal awareness. The work was based on the dialectical method (logical method, analysis and synthesis, modeling), as well as on some special methods (formal legal, historical, systemic, etc.). The formal legal method was used to analyze the gender anti-discrimination norms of legislation of EU countries. The specific-historical method helped to interpret the legal events and facts that shaped the modern constitutional protection measures. The system method was used to describe the legislation of the EU states. Equality is the freedom for a person to choose their identity and occupation regardless of behavior stereotypes imposed by their community. The European model of human rights concentrates on such constitutional and legal aspects of the fight against discrimination as the legislation reform and bodies of constitutional control. However, sometimes such measures fail and might be used for manipulation.