Comparison of Immunogenicity Between a Candidate Live Attenuated Vaccine and an Inactivated Vaccine for Cache Valley Virus
Open Access
- 1 January 2023
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Mary Ann Liebert Inc in Viral Immunology
- Vol. 36 (1), 41-47
- https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2022.0103
Abstract
Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus that is enzootic throughout the new world. Although CVV is known as an important agricultural pathogen, primarily associated with embryonic lethality and abortions in ruminants, it has recently been recognized for its expansion as a zoonotic pathogen. With the increased emergence of bunyaviruses with human and veterinary importance, there have been significant efforts dedicated to the development of bunyavirus vaccines. In this study, the immunogenicity of a candidate live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) for CVV, which contains the deletion of the nonstructural small (NSs) and nonstructural medium (NSm) genes (2delCVV), was evaluated and compared with an autogenous candidate vaccine created through the inactivation of CVV using binary ethylenimine (BEI) with an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (BEI-CVV) in sheep. Both 2delCVV and BEI-CVV produced a neutralizing antibody response that exceeds the correlate of protection, that is, plaque reduction neutralization test titer >10. However, on day 63 postinitial immunization, 2delCVV was more immunogenic than BEI-CVV. These results warrant further development of 2delCVV as a candidate LAV and demonstrate that the double deletion of the NSs and NSm genes can be applied to the development of vaccines and as a common attenuation strategy for orthobunyaviruses.Keywords
This publication has 42 references indexed in Scilit:
- Non-Structural Proteins of Arthropod-Borne Bunyaviruses: Roles and FunctionsViruses, 2013
- Role of Bunyamwera Orthobunyavirus NSs Protein in Infection of Mosquito CellsPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2012
- Infection and Transmission of Rift Valley Fever Viruses Lacking the NSs and/or NSm Genes in Mosquitoes: Potential Role for NSm in Mosquito InfectionPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2012
- Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine Lacking the NSs and NSm Genes Is Safe, Nonteratogenic, and Confers Protection from Viremia, Pyrexia, and Abortion following Challenge in Adult and Pregnant SheepJournal of Virology, 2011
- Creation of a Recombinant Rift Valley Fever Virus with a Two-Segmented GenomeJournal of Virology, 2011
- Natural M-segment reassortment in Potosi and Main Drain viruses: implications for the evolution of orthobunyavirusesArchiv für die gesamte Virusforschung, 2007
- La Crosse Bunyavirus Nonstructural Protein NSs Serves To Suppress the Type I Interferon System of Mammalian HostsJournal of Virology, 2007
- Requirement of the N-Terminal Region of Orthobunyavirus Nonstructural Protein NSm for Virus Assembly and MorphogenesisJournal of Virology, 2006
- Second Human Case of Cache Valley Virus DiseaseEmerging Infectious Diseases, 2006
- Overview of marker vaccine and differential diagnostic test technologyBiologicals, 2005