Nickel release and the microstructure of stainless steel orthodontic archwire surfaces after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste: an in vitro study
Open Access
- 15 June 2020
- journal article
- Published by Universitas Airlangga in Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
- Vol. 53 (2), 67-70
- https://doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i2.p67-70
Abstract
Background: Stainless steel is a material that can be used in orthodontics for components of dental braces, such as brackets, archwires and molar bands. Orthodontic archwires exposed to toothpaste can release nickel ions that cause hypersensitivity. The excessive use of sodium lauryl sulphate in detergent toothpaste can cause mouth irritation, severe ulceration, decreased salivary solubility and taste sensitivity changes. Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the nickel ion released by stainless steel archwires after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste. Methods: Forty stainless steel archwires from Ortho Organizer (0.016 x 0.022in) were divided into two groups (n=20). Group 1 comprised stainless steel archwires immersed in detergent toothpaste. Group 2 consisted of stainless steel archwires immersed in non-detergent toothpaste. These archwires were immersed in 1.5g toothpaste then kept in an incubator at 37°C for around 24 hours. After that, the archwires were removed from the toothpaste, and the toothpaste was dissolved in 25ml of Aquadest. The amount of nickel ion released was examined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). After that, the structure of the sample surface was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test (p>0.05). An independent t-test was carried out to compare the two groups (pResults: The mean of nickel ion release in group 1 was 0.214±0.319mg/l, and in group 2 it was 0.168±0.107 mg/l. There was no significance between the groups (p=0.323; p>0.05). The SEM images of the archwire surfaces showed that there were more corrosive contour changes in the archwire surface in group 1 than in group 2. Conclusion: There was no difference between the nickel ion released from stainless steel orthodontic archwires after immersion in detergent and non-detergent toothpaste. After immersion in detergent toothpaste, stainless steel archwire surfaces showed more corrosive contour changes than those immersed in non-detergent toothpaste.Keywords
This publication has 11 references indexed in Scilit:
- Status of nickel free stainless steel in biomedical field: A review of last 10 years and what else can be doneMaterials Today, 2020
- Comparative assessment of the corrosion process of orthodontic archwires made of stainless steel, titanium–molybdenum and nickel–titanium alloysArchives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2018
- Effect of fluoride mouthwash on tensile strength of stainless steel orthodontic archwiresJournal of Physics: Conference Series, 2017
- Oral hygiene compliance in orthodontic patients: a randomized controlled study on the effects of a post-treatment communicationProgress in Orthodontics, 2016
- Nickel-free vs conventional braces for patients allergic to nickel: Gingival and blood parameters during and after treatmentAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2016
- Nickel release from stainless steel and nickel titanium archwires – An in vitro studyJournal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2016
- Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifricesDental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 2013
- Corrosion of orthodontic appliances—should we care?American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2008
- Nickel allergy and orthodontics, a review and report of two casesBritish Dental Journal, 2008
- Corrosion and ProtectionPublished by Springer Science and Business Media LLC ,2004