Spatial distribution and determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in Ethiopia: Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2016
Open Access
- 22 April 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Public Library of Science (PLoS) in PLOS ONE
- Vol. 14 (4), e0215572
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215572
Abstract
Childhood acute respiratory infection remains the commonest global cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. In Ethiopia, it remains the highest burden of the health care system. The problem varies in space and time, and exploring its spatial distribution has supreme importance for monitoring and designing effective intervention programs. A two stage stratified cluster sampling technique was utilized along with the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. About 10,006 under-five children were included in this study. Bernoulli model was used to investigate the presence of purely spatial clusters of under-five acute respiratory infection using SaTScan.ArcGIS version 10.1 was used to visualize the distribution of pneumonia cases across the country. Mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of acute respiratory infection. In this study, acute respiratory infection among under-five children had spatial variations across the country (Moran’s I: 0.34, p < 0.001). Acute respiratory infection among under-five children in Tigray (p < 0.001) and Oromia (p < 0.001) National Regional States clustered spatially. History of diarrhoea (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.71, 95% CI: (3.89–5.71))), 45–59 months of age (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: (0.45–0.89)), working mothers (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI: (1.06–1.52)), mothers’ secondary school education (AOR = 0.65; 95% CI: (0.43–0.99)), and stunting (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI: (1.00–1.54)) were predictors of under-five acute respiratory infection. In Ethiopia, acute respiratory infection had spatial variations across the country. Areas with excess acute respiratory infection need high priority in allocation of resources including: mobilizing resources, skilled human power, and improved access to health facilities.This publication has 26 references indexed in Scilit:
- Tackling pneumonia and diarrhoea: the deadliest diseases for the world's poorest childrenThe Lancet, 2012
- Pneumonia and poverty: a prospective population-based study among children in BrazilBMC Infectious Diseases, 2011
- National implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI): Policy constraints and strategiesHealth Policy, 2010
- Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysisThe Lancet, 2010
- Recent diarrhoeal illness and risk of lower respiratory infections in children under the age of 5 yearsInternational Journal of Epidemiology, 2009
- Climatic, temporal, and geographic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus disease in a tropical island populationEpidemiology and Infection, 2008
- Determinants of under-five mortality in Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center, Southwest EthiopiaEthiopian Journal of Health Development, 2007
- Morbidade hospitalar em crianças indígenas Suruí menores de dez anos, Rondônia, Brasil: 2000 a 2004Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil, 2007
- An exploratory spatial analysis of pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations in Ontario by age and genderEpidemiology and Infection, 2006
- Pulmonary manifestations in HIV seropositivity and malnutrition in ZimbabweArchives of Disease in Childhood, 1997