TOR inhibition primes immunity and pathogen resistance in tomato in a salicylic acid‐dependent manner
Open Access
- 19 April 2022
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Molecular Plant Pathology
- Vol. 23 (7), 1035-1047
- https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13207
Abstract
All organisms need to sense and process information about the availability of nutrients, energy status, and environmental cues to determine the best time for growth and development. The conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase has a central role in sensing and perceiving nutritional information. TOR connects environmental information about nutrient availability to developmental and metabolic processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Under favourable energy conditions, TOR is activated and promotes anabolic processes such as cell division, while suppressing catabolic processes. Conversely, when nutrients are limited or environmental stresses are present, TOR is inactivated, and catabolic processes are promoted. Given the central role of TOR in regulating metabolism, several previous works have examined whether TOR is wired to plant defence. To date, the mechanisms by which TOR influences plant defence are not entirely clear. Here, we addressed this question by testing the effect of inhibiting TOR on immunity and pathogen resistance in tomato. Examining which hormonal defence pathways are influenced by TOR, we show that tomato immune responses and disease resistance to several pathogens increase on TOR inhibition, and that TOR inhibition-mediated resistance probably requires a functional salicylic acid, but not jasmonic acid, pathway. Our results support the notion that TOR is a master regulator of the development-defence switch in plants.Keywords
Funding Information
- Israel Science Foundation (550/18)
This publication has 62 references indexed in Scilit:
- ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors delay plant growth by triggering early differentiation of meristematic cells but no developmental patterning changeJournal of Experimental Botany, 2013
- Target of Rapamycin Signaling Regulates Metabolism, Growth, and Life Span in ArabidopsisTHE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 2012
- Viral factor TAV recruits TOR/S6K1 signalling to activate reinitiation after long ORF translationThe EMBO Journal, 2011
- mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageingNature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2010
- TOR Is a Negative Regulator of Autophagy in Arabidopsis thalianaPLOS ONE, 2010
- Hormonal and transcriptional profiles highlight common and differential host responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the regulation of the oxylipin pathwayJournal of Experimental Botany, 2010
- Tomato Protein Kinase 1b Mediates Signaling of Plant Responses to Necrotrophic Fungi and Insect HerbivoryTHE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 2008
- Costs and trade-offs associated with induced resistancePhysiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 2007
- High-efficiency protein expression in plants from agroinfection-compatible Tobacco mosaic virus expression vectorsBMC Biotechnology, 2007
- The Dilemma of Plants: To Grow or DefendThe Quarterly Review of Biology, 1992