Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Lingkungan Rumah dan Angka Kuman Udara Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Balita (Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Baturraden II Banyumas)

Abstract

Latar belakang: Kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia merupakan urutan kedua masalah utama yang menyebabkan 277 kematian pada kelompok anak usia 29 hari hingga usia 11 bulan di Indonesia. Prevalensi kejadian kasus pneumonia tertinggi sejumlah 13,7% di Kabupaten Banyumas terdapat di daerah binaan Puskesmas Baturraden II. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis keberadaan hubungan kondisi fisik lingkungan rumah dan angka kuman udara pada kejadian kasus pneumonia balita. Metode: Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kasus kontrol. Popupasi terdiri atas balita yang tercatat tinggal di daerah binaan Puskesmas Baturraden II pada waktu penelitian dilakukan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel umur 1-5 tahun, perbandingan sampel kasus dengan kontrol 1:1, sehingga total berjumlah 130 sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara dan pengamatan dengan instrumen. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan program komputer dengan uji chi square (bivariat) dan uji regresi logistik (multivariat). Hasil: Hasil analisis menunjukan variabel kepadatan hunian, kelembapan rumah, jenis lantai rumah intensitas cahaya dan angka kuman udara memiliki hubungan yang signifikan pada kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia balita. Hasil analisis multivariat menyimpulkan bahwa angka kuman udara menjadi variabel paling besar dalam mempengaruhi terjadinya pneumonia pada balita dengan nilai OR paling besar yaitu 4,613. Simpulan: Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa ada hubungan antara variabel lingkungan fisik rumah kepadatan hunian, kelembapan rumah, jenis lantai rumah, intensitas cahaya dan angka kuman udara dengan kejadian kasus penyakit pneumonia pada balita.   ABSTRACT Title: The Relationship Between Physical Conditions of The Home Environment and The Number of Bacteria With The Incidence of Toddlers Pneumonia (Study In The Working Area of Baturraden II Public Health Center Banyumas) Background: The incidence of pneumonia cases is the second major problem that causes 277 deaths in the group of children aged 29 days to 11 months in Indonesia. The highest prevalence of pneumonia cases of 13.7% in Banyumas Regency was in the target area of Baturraden II Public Health Center. The study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the physical condition of the home environment and the number of bacteria in the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers. Method: The design in this study used a case control. The population consisted of toddlers who were recorded as living in the target area of the Baturraden II Public Health Center at the time the study was conducted. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with samples aged 1-5 years, the comparison of case samples with controls was 1:1, so that the total number of samples was 130. Data were collected by means of interviews and observations with instruments. Research data were analyzed using a computer program with chi square test (bivariate) and logistic regression test (multivariate). Result: The results of the analysis showed that the variables of occupancy density, house humidity, type of house floor, light intensity and air of bacteria had a significant relationship with the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers. The results of the multivariate analysis concluded that the number of bacteria was the biggest variable in influencing the occurrence of pneumonia in toddlers with the largest OR value of 4.613. Conclusion: The results of the analysis prove that there is a relationship between the physical environment variables of the house, residential density, house humidity, type of house floor, light intensity and airborne germ numbers with the incidence of pneumonia cases in toddlers.