BEHAVIOR OF THE SQUARE WAVE IN BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES

Abstract

This study is to experimentally investigate the behavior of quadratic waves in biological structures. Transcutaneous frequency stimulation was regulated so that the system provided high frequency and low electrical voltage to observe possible changes in deeper layers of the anatomical structure analyzed. Electrodes were positioned from the dermis and probing electrodes were positioned at the subdermal, intradermal, skeletal muscle, periosteum, endosteum, and medulla levels. A function generator connected to a digital oscilloscope produced a square wave of 33 kHz at 10µs pulse speed and voltage of 16 volts DC. A voltage decay was observed as the signal reached deeper layers of different tissues. However, the frequency of 33 kHz remained uniform even at the bone marrow level. This observation opens the way for the application of the square electronic frequency as a stimulus for drug activation.