Ultrasonography in Early Diagnosis and Follow up of Amniotic Fluid Abnormalities For Assessment of the Fetal Growth and Fetal Well being

Abstract

Background: The US (including Doppler & 4D) is a simple method for early detection of amniotic fluid abnormalities to evaluate the fetal wellbeing and congenital lethal and non lethal anomalies. Our results demonstrate that there are different etiologies causing amniotic fluid abnormalities. Aim of work: The ultrasonographic early diagnosis and follow up of amniotic fluid abnormalities for evaluation the fetal wellbeing, fetal growth and early warning signs of fetal distress to determine the suitable time for delivery. Patient and methods: This study was performed between November 2019 and July 2020 at Obied Hospital-KSA. The study was carried on 80 cases presented with amniotic fluid abnormalities. Results: Out of 3220 pregnant females attending the outpatient clinic of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department in ObH, 80 (2.48%) females with amniotic fluid abnormalities were selected. The maternal age ranged from 19 to 40 years. The true gestational age ranged from 13 to 40 weeks. The results show that there were significant positive correlations between amniotic fluid abnormality and fetal congenital anomalies, fetal growth disturbance & fetal wellbeing. In our study, the incidence of congenital anomalies was 44 cases out of 80 (55%). Lethal anomalies was seen in 20 cases (45.45% of congenital anomalies), non lethal in 24 cases (54.54%). Our results demonstrate that there are different etiologies causing Amniotic fluid abnormalities. Conclusion: Despite 45% of idiopathic etiology, we concluded that congenital anomalies should be carefully searched on whenever amniotic fluid abnormalities were detected. Full anomaly scan and close antenatal follow up are recommended.