Discovery of Novel UV-Filters with Favorable Safety Profiles in the 5-Arylideneimidazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives Group
Open Access
- 24 June 2019
- Vol. 24 (12), 2321
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122321
Abstract
Effective protection from the harmful effects of UV radiation may be achieved by using sunscreens containing organic or inorganic UV filters. The number of currently available UV filters is limited and some of the allowed molecules possess limitations such as systemic absorption, endocrine disruption properties, contact and photocontact allergy induction, and low photostability. In the search for new organic UV filters we designed and synthesized a series consisting of 5-benzylidene and 5-(3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) derivatives. The photoprotective activity of the tested compounds was confirmed in methanol solutions and macrogol formulations. The most promising compounds possessed similar UV protection parameter values as selected commercially available UV filters. The compound diethyl 2,2′-((Z)-4-((E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)allylidene)-2,5-dioxoimidazolidine-1,3-diyl)diacetate (4g) was characterized as an especially efficient UVA photoprotective agent with a UVA PF of 6.83 ± 0.05 and favorable photostability. Diethyl 2,2′-((Z)-4-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2,5-dioxo- imidazolidine-1,3-diyl)diacetate (3b) was the most promising UVB-filter, with a SPFin vitro of 3.07 ± 0.04 and very good solubility and photostability. The main photodegradation products were geometric isomers of the parent compounds. These compounds were also shown to be non-cytotoxic at concentrations up to 50 µM when tested on three types of human skin cells and possess no estrogenic activity, according to the results of a MCF-7 breast cancer model.Funding Information
- Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2016/21/B/NZ7/01756)
This publication has 70 references indexed in Scilit:
- Capture hydrolysis signals in the microsomal stability assay: Molecular mechanisms of the alkyl ester drug and prodrug metabolismBioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2012
- International round‐robin study on the Ames fluctuation testEnvironmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 2012
- Analogs of 5-(substituted benzylidene)hydantoin as inhibitors of tyrosinase and melanin formationBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 2011
- Photoprotective efficacy and photostability of fifteen sunscreen products having the same label SPF subjected to natural sunlightInternational Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2011
- Synthesis of New 2-(2´-Hydroxyaryl)benzotriazoles and Evaluation of Their Photochemical Behavior as Potential UV-FiltersMolecules, 2010
- Concentrations of the Sunscreen Agent Benzophenone-3 in Residents of the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004Environmental Health Perspectives, 2008
- Synthesis, structure–activity relationship of some new anti-arrhythmic 5-arylidene imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivativesEuropean Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2005
- The effect of molecular environment on the photochemistry of p-methoxycinnamic acid and its estersJournal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 1998
- EFFECT OF CHALCOGEN SUBSTITUENTS (X=Se, S, O) ON MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF 5-p-CHLOROBENZYLIDENE-3-METHYL-2-X-HYDANTOIN: X-RAY, PM-3 AND DATABASE STUDYPhosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 1997
- Photochemistry of dibenzoyl methane UVA filters Part 1Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 1995