Preparation and Characterization of a Humate Surfactant with Hydroxymethylation and Esterification Modification of Lignite
- 20 January 2017
- journal article
- Published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH in Tenside Surfactants Detergents
- Vol. 54 (1), 38-44
- https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110475
Abstract
In this paper, a humate surfactant based on humic substances which were derived from lignite by modification of hydroxymethylation and esterification methods respectively was prepared. Determined by surface tension method, the cmc (critical micelle concentration) of the humate surfactant is 1.534 g/L and the corresponding surface tension is 48.8 mN/m. The optimum conditions of the modified processes are as follows: hydroxymethylation modification at pH 10.5, reaction temperature 90°C, reaction time of 60 min, dosage of stock (formaldehyde/lignite/g g−1) 10:10, and the amount of reacted paraformaldehyde was 6.23 mmol/g lignite. The esterification modification was carried but at 70°C, reaction time 10 h, dosage of 6.0 mmol n-decanoyl chloride/g lignite. The conversion rate of n-decanoyl chloride was 95%.Keywords
This publication has 27 references indexed in Scilit:
- Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of formaldehyde in wastewaters and detergentsEnvironmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2012
- Elemental and spectral properties of peat and soil samples and their respective humic substancesJournal of Molecular Structure, 2010
- Lignite pre-treatment and its effect on bio-stimulative properties of respective lignite humic acidsSoil Biology and Biochemistry, 2009
- Spectroscopic characterization of fulvic acids extracted from the rock exudate ShilajitOrganic Geochemistry, 2008
- Aspects of structural features in lignite and lignite humic acidsFuel Processing Technology, 2006
- Investigation of humate-cetyltrimethylammonium complexes by small-angle X-ray scatteringJournal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2006
- Soil remediation: humic acids as natural surfactants in the washings of highly contaminated soilsEnvironmental Pollution, 2005
- Interaction of uranium(VI) with various modified and unmodified natural and synthetic humic substances studied by EXAFS and FTIR spectroscopyInorganica Chimica Acta, 2003
- Molecular size distribution and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substancesAnalytica Chimica Acta, 1997
- Information Provided on Humic Substances by E4/E6 RatiosSoil Science Society of America Journal, 1977