Plant diversity is an important condition for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and the basic guarantee for human survival. Phellodendron amurense is an important associated tree species in the natural Korean pine forest in Northeast China. Because of its high economic value, it has caused serious damage to the wild resources. According to the latitude gradient, this paper selects 9 locations where P. amurense resource is distributed in the natural forests of Northeast China: Heihe, Hegang, Hulin, Weihe, Antu, Daxinggou, Lushuihe, Fengcheng and Xinbin. The sample plots were set up in 9 research sites, investigate the plants in the sample plots, record the names and plant numbers of various plants in each plot, and calculate the Margalef species richness index (R), Simpson index (D), Shannon-Wiener Index (H) and Pielou evenness index (E). The results showed that there were 312 species of plants in the P. amurense community in 9 plots, belonging to 68 families and 183 genera. The highest species richness is Lushui River and the lowest is Heihe; the highest Simp-son index and Shannon-Wiener index is Weihe, and the lowest is Hulin; the highest Pielou index is Weihe, and the lowest is Xinbin. The species richness index (R), Simpson index (D) and Shan-non-Wiener index (H) of different growth types is: herb layer > shrub layer > arbor layer, Pielou evenness index (E) is: tree layer > shrub layer > herb layer. Among them, the structures of plant communities in Weihe, Antu, Fengcheng and Xinbin are similar. The results of this study have reference value for the field cultivation and species allocation of P. amurense resources in Northeast China.