Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, is a hematologic disease in which platelet destruction increases and production decreases, mainly mediated by immunity. However, up to now, the pathogenesis of ITP is not clear, which has caused great trouble in treatment. Therefore, this paper intends to review the recent literature on ITP treatment to provide some reference for clinical treatment. This paper combines the evidence of ASH immune thrombocytopenia and the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (2020 edition). In this paper, the treatment process of ITP was divided into first-line treatment and second-line treatment, and it was concluded that first-line treatment was often used when newly diagnosed with ITP: combination of high-dose dexamethasone and low-dose gamma globulin. However, it should be noted that only 60%-80% of patients responded to first-line treatment, and most of them relapsed during dosing reduction or drug withdrawal. Second-line treatment is recommended in this case. The standard treatment is splenectomy, but due to its uncontrollable nature and side effects, it should be used cautiously. A new treatment approach, thrombogenin receptor agonist, has great development potential, and multidrug combination therapy for ITP has positive clinical significance.