Cancer, one of the most prevalent causes of death and disease, has a convoluted pathophysiology. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy are examples of traditional cancer treatments. However, lack of selectivity, restrictions such cytotoxicity, and Drug resistance is a significant barrier to successful cancer treatment. With the development of nanotechnology, the study of cancer treatment has undergone a revolution. For treatment of cancer Nanoparticles can be used because of their special advantages, less toxicity, more good stability, stronger permeability, and exact placement. There are several varieties of nanoparticles. The innovative nanoparticle based drug delivery system makes advantage of characteristics of the tumour and its surroundings. Nanoparticles overcomes the disadvantages of conventional treatment of cancer in addition to avoiding multiple drug resistance. As additional multidrug resistance mechanisms are found and examined, nanoparticle research is also being pursued actively. The therapy includes consequences of Nano formulation have provided fresh perspectives on cancer treatment. The biggest chunk of studies, however, is restricted to in vivo and in vitro experiments, and the number of authorized Nano drugs has not increased significantly over time. This study covers a wide range of nanoparticle kinds, targeting strategies, and authorized Nanotherapy includes use in the cancer treatment. We also provide a summary of the pros, disadvantages, and present state of clinical translation.