Abstract: The present research featured the development of cognitive processes in senior preschoolers. It focused on the specifics of role-playing games, which provide positive dynamic transformations of cognitive abilities at this age. The article describes various theoretical approaches to game as a cultural phenomenon that facilitates socialization and enriches experience. It also describes the cognitive processes and their development, which depend on the personality of a particular preschooler. A role-playing game is a leading type of preschoolers' activity. They acquire new ideas about the world, learn to compare data about objects, develop useful patterns, and accumulate experience in problem solving. Children's emotional attitude to their own activities and those of their game partners accompany the dynamic transformations of cognitive processes, thus increasing the productivity of various types of activities.