Associations between metabolic syndrome and type of dementia: analysis based on the National Health Insurance Service database of Gangwon province in South Korea
Open Access
- 6 January 2021
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
- Vol. 13 (1), 1-12
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-020-00620-5
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and dementia has remained controversial. Using nationwide population cohort data, we investigated the association between metabolic syndrome and dementia, according to the dementia type. We analyzed data of 84,144 individuals, in the aged group of more than 60 years, between January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2009, at Gangwon province by using the information of the (Korean) National Health Insurance Service. After eight years of gap, in 2017, we investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome and dementia. We classified Dementia either as dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD) or vascular dementia (VD). AD and VD were defined as per the criteria of International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined the associations between metabolic syndrome or five metabolic syndrome components and dementia. Analyses included factors like age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, previous stroke, and previous cardiac disease. Metabolic syndrome was associated with AD (OR = 11.48, 95% CI 9.03–14.59), not with VD. Each of five components of metabolic syndrome were also associated with AD. (high serum triglycerides: OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.60–2.19; high blood pressure: OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.55–2.21; high glucose: OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.52–2.06; abdominal obesity: OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.57–2.25; low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.63–2.24) However, among components of metabolic syndrome, only the high glucose level was associated with VD. (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.01–1.56) body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, and smoking were also associated with AD. (BMI: OR = 0.951, 95% CI 0.927–0.975; fasting glucose: OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001–1.005; smoking: OR = 1.020, 95% CI 1.003–1.039) A history of the previous stroke was associated with both AD and VD. (AD: OR = 1.827, 95% CI 1.263–2.644; VD: OR 2.775, 95% CI 1.747–4.406) Metabolic syndrome was associated with AD but not with VD. Patients with metabolic syndrome had an 11.48 times more likeliness to develop AD compared to those without metabolic syndrome. VD was associated only with several risk factors that could affect the vascular state rather than a metabolic syndrome. We suggested that the associations between metabolic syndrome and dementia would vary depending on the type of dementia.Keywords
Other Versions
Funding Information
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2017R1C1B2011637, 2019R1H1A1035599)
- Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HI18C1623)
This publication has 85 references indexed in Scilit:
- Central Obesity in the Elderly is Related to Late-onset Alzheimer DiseaseAlzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 2012
- Long term incidence of dementia, predictors of mortality and pathological diagnosis in older stroke survivorsBrain, 2011
- Smoking Increases Risk for Cognitive Decline Among Community-Dwelling Older Mexican AmericansAmerican Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2009
- Harmonizing the Metabolic SyndromeJournal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009
- Apolipoprotein E knock-out and knock-in mice: atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and beyondJournal of Lipid Research, 2009
- Mid- and Late-Life Diabetes in Relation to the Risk of DementiaDiabetes, 2009
- Metabolic Syndrome and Risk for Incident Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular DementiaDiabetes Care, 2009
- Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: prevalence, management, and risk factorsThe Lancet Neurology, 2008
- Metabolic Syndrome and Dementia Risk in a Multiethnic Elderly CohortDementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 2007
- Leptin and its role in hippocampal synaptic plasticityProgress in Lipid Research, 2006