Change silt charge of water in the rivers can negatively be reflected inthroughput the rivers beds, stability of coast, change of river structures, disappearance of boggy places, etc. In work questions of variability silt chargewaters in the river Sluch in time and on length of the river are considered.It is revealed that in time average and maximal silt charge waters decrease.While on length of the river change silt charge waters is shown not precisely, similar on some increase silt charge waters to a mouth of the river. Theresearches led by the factorial analysis and graphic-analytical method onthe basis of long-term materials of measurement of charges of water haveshown that, on a part of posts average depth of water in the river grows, andon others - cyclically changes with the general tendency to reduction. Average speed in them, accordingly, falls and grows. Stratification of interrelations of a silt charge with other factors on years is observed. The reasons ofreduction of a silt charge are: 1) agrarian and forest meliorative actions ona catchments of the river, hydraulic engineering construction; 2) grassy bedof the river; 3) change of a climate that promotes growth of temperature ofa surface of soils and grassy bed of the river. In developed natural-climaticconditions expediently application on reservoirs of the antierosion organization of territory of the land tenure including agrarian- forests- meliorativeactions that will allow to adjust outflow of a moisture from reservoirs tolower warming up of a surface of the soils, to provide against a high waterprotection and it will favorably be reflected in manufacture of agriculturalproduction.