Abstract
Navigation is a significant part of shipping safety as it directs and delivers the physical mass of commercial assets. In addition to navigation, ship domain is a frequently used navigation safety concept in mariner's terminology. However, the perception of ship domain lacks the terse representation because of multidimensional factors of the sea environment. This study has proposed not only a data-driven ship domain that can be compared with theoretical counterparts to validate navigation safety understanding in open waters but also a unique minimum distance passage representation for ship domain. This study proposes ship domain visualization for ship-ship encounters only in the closest passages rather than all ship trajectories. Results show that ship domain boundaries are consistent with former studies, but such results provide in-depth inference.

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