Effect of dermal phthalate levels on lung function tests in residential area near a petrochemical complex

Abstract

Phthalates can leach into indoor and outdoor airborne particulate matter and dust, which can then be ingested or absorbed and induce lung injury. Dermal phthalate levels can be used as a matrix for exposure direct absorption from air, particle deposition, and contact with contaminated products. However, the association between dermal phthalate levels in skin wipes and lung function tests remains unknown. A total of 397 participants were included. Spirometry measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1, L) and forced vital capacity (FVC, L) were calculated. Dermal phthalate levels of diethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(n-butyl) phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP) on forehead skin wipes were detected. The one-unit increases in logarithm (log) dermal DnBP (β = − 0.08; 95% CI − 0.16, − 0.003, p = 0.041), BBzP (β = − 0.09; 95% CI − 0.16, − 0.02, p = 0.009), DEHP (β = − 0.07; 95% CI − 0.14, − 0.003, p = 0.042), and DiNP (β = − 0.08; 95% CI − 0.15, − 0.02, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with decreases in FVC. For elderly participants, one-unit increases in log dermal DnBP (β = − 0.25; 95% CI − 0.46, − 0.04, p = 0.021), BBzP (β = − 0.17; 95% CI − 0.33, − 0.01, p = 0.042), and DiDP (β = − 0.19; 95% CI − 0.39, < 0.01, p = 0.052) were associated with decreases in FEV1. In conclusion, dermal phthalate levels were significantly associated with decreases in lung function tests.