Two new ultraspecialized troglomorphic Leptodirini (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) from two Croatian caves are described. Hygrodromus (new genus) nikolinae, a new species from Mladenova cave near Orebić, is a very enigmatic taxon of “tetramerous”Leptodirini, markedly distinct for several morphological features in antennae, mouthparts, male genitalia and the peculiar sexually dimorphic apex of elytra. However, because of some characters, it could be assigned to the phyletic lineage of Hadesia and Nauticiella, which so far includes only “pentamerous”species. Leptomeson vuicae from Dragina lipa jama cave near Čelopek in central Dalmatia, owing to its morphological features, is the south-eastern substitutive adelphotaxon of L. dombrowskii, from which it differs by its smaller size, longer elytral pubescence and the different shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus with a stouter apex.