Kajian Kebijakan Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional Di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Pada Era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional
Open Access
- 14 December 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan in Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan
- Vol. 23 (4), 246-255
- https://doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v23i4.3379
Abstract
Since the establishment of the Healthcare Social Security Agency (BPJS), there has been a low demand of patient demand for traditional medicine (TM) services in health care facilities. This study examined various aspects, situations/conditions and the potential use of TM in health facilities. Secondary sources, such as policies and regulations, and in-depth interviews, became the primary data. Those who in charge of the BPJS program was the key informant. The study focused on informants, particularly either Semarang or Surakarta. This study analysed the data, both descriptively and inductively. The aspects examined were services, the implementation of OT guarantees with BPJS, clinicians' readiness and government supports. The existence of JKN implies the use of OT to decrease dramatically. The health facilities did not fully utilise the presence of special allocation funds (DAK) and capitation arrangements. The list of TM was to contain the choices for preventive, promotive, curative, and palliative efforts either a compliment or an adjuvant. TM services involved in the path of preventive, promotive or curative actions either as an adjuvant, or complement with conventional medicine. TM financing may be from DAK, capitation funds or APBN II; however, these sources did not optimise yet. This condition happened due to the lack of political will from stakeholders, as well as the absence of standard reference for the Traditional Medicine Formulary, especially BPJS enrollment by the future. Therefore, the Ministry of Health RI has to issue a decree for health facilities obliged to provide services with traditional medicines. Abstrak Sejak dibentuknya Badan Pengelola Jaminan Sosial (BPJS),terjadi penurunan permintaan pasien atas layanan obat tradisional di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan (fasyankes). Tujuan menganalisis berbagai aspek, situasi /kondisipemanfaatan obat tradisional dalam pelayanan di fasyankes. Mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan terkait pemanfaatan obat tradisional di fasyankes,dan melakukan wawancara mendalam dengan nara sumber relevan di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan dinas kesehatan terpilih (Kota Surakarta dan Semarang). Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan induktif. Terdapat lebih dari 20 peraturan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan terkait pemanfaatanobat tradisional di fasyankes.Aspek yang dikaji adalah pelayanan, implementasi jaminan OT dengan BPJS, kesiapan klinisi dan dukungan pemerintah. Adanya JKN menyebabkan penggunaan OT mengalami penurunan drastis, adanya pengaturan dana alokasi khusus (DAK) dan kapitasi, tidak dimanfaatkan fasyankes. Komite medik rumah sakit, puskesmas serta dinas kesehatan membutuhkan adanya daftar obat tradisional yang dapat digunakan di fasyankes yang ditetapkan pemerintah. Daftar obat tradisional diharapkan berisi pilihan obat tradisional untuk upaya preventif, promotif, kuratif ringan dan paliatif sebagai komplemen maupun sebagai adjuvan. Pelayanan dengan obat tradisional masuk jalur upaya preventif, promotif atau kuratif ringan baik sebagai adjuvant maupun komplemen dengan obat konvensional. Pembiayaan obat tradisional dapat dilakukan dengan DAK, dana Kapita si atau APBN II, namun belum dimanfaatkan. Kondisi ini karena kurangnya political will dari stake holder dan belum adanya acuan standar Formularium Obat Tradisional, terutama jika kemudian hari dapat dijamin oleh BPJS. Masih dibutuhkan adanya regulasi ketetapan menteri bahwa fasyankes wajib melakukan pelayanan dengan obat tradisional.Keywords
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