Combined effect of high depressive symptom burden and hypertension on new-onset stroke: evidence from a nationwide prospective cohort study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of high depressive symptom burden and hypertension increased the risk of stroke among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese using a nationwide prospective study. Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) during 2011–2015 were used. A total of 12 604 Chinese participants aged 45 years and older were included for final analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the associations between high depressive symptom burden, hypertension and new-onset stroke. Results: There were 244 stroke events occurred during a 4-year follow-up. Compared with those without high depressive symptom burden and hypertension, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.96 (1.13–3.42) for individuals with high depressive symptom burden alone, 2.84 (1.77–4.57) for individuals with hypertension alone and 4.38 (2.66–7.20) for individuals with comorbid high depressive symptom burden and hypertension, respectively. In the subgroup analyses, people with the coexistence of high depressive symptom burden and hypertension had the highest risk of new-onset stroke in all subgroups. Conclusion: Our results suggest a combined effect of high depressive symptom burden and hypertension on stroke risk among the middle-aged and elderly Chinese.