The musculoskeletal system is responsible for the structure of the body and the ability to have purposeful movements. This chapter begins with a review of structure and function of bones, with an emphasis on the remodeling process of dynamic bone maintenance. Bone is a hard connective tissue, like all connective tissues, consists of scattered cells surrounded by extracellular matrix that comprises both organic and inorganic components. The chapter provides a discussion of fractures and the fracture healing process. It describes the structure and function of joints, emphasizing synovial joints and the manifestations of sprains and strains. Particular emphasis is placed on the knee, and the associated ligament and meniscal injuries. This chapter also discusses other common structural and functional disorders, such as herniated disc disease and cumulative trauma disorders.