Tunable Cytotoxicity and Selectivity of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid with Aniline Blue Dye
- 1 December 2021
- journal article
- Published by American Scientific Publishers in Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Vol. 21 (12), 6143-6150
- https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19535
Abstract
Ionic liquids are an interesting class of materials that have recently been utilized as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Aniline blue, a commonly used biological staining agent, was used as a counter ion to trihexyltetradecylphosphonium, a known cytotoxic cation. A facile, single step ion exchange reaction was performed to synthesize a fluorescent ionic liquid, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium aniline blue. Aqueous nanoparticles of this hydrophobic ionic liquid were prepared using reprecipitationmethod. The newly synthesized ionic liquid and subsequent nanoparticles were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements were performed to characterize the nanoparticles’ morphology and surface charge. The photophysical properties of the nanoparticles and the parent aniline blue compound were studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Cell viability studies were conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity of the newly developed trihexyltetradecylphosphonium aniline blue nanoparticles in human breast epithelial cancer cell line (MCF-7) and its corresponding normal epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) in vitro. The results revealed that the synthesized ionic nanomedicines were more cytotoxic (lower IC50) than the parent chemotherapeutic compound in MCF-7 cells. Nanoparticles of the synthesized ionic liquid were also shown to be more stable in both aqueous and cellular media and more selective than parent compounds towards cancer cells.Keywords
This publication has 32 references indexed in Scilit:
- Creation of Pure Nanodrugs and Their Anticancer PropertiesAngewandte Chemie, 2012
- Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy and ImagingMolecules and Cells, 2011
- Nanosuspension: An approach to enhance solubility of drugsJournal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 2011
- Impact of ionic liquids in environment and humans: An overviewHuman & Experimental Toxicology, 2010
- Study on the potential anti-cancer activity of phosphonium and ammonium-based ionic liquidsBioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2009
- Zeta potential: a surface electrical characteristic to probe the interaction of nanoparticles with normal and cancer human breast epithelial cellsBiomedical Microdevices, 2007
- Nanomedicine for drug delivery and imaging: A promising avenue for cancer therapy and diagnosis using targeted functional nanoparticlesInternational Journal of Cancer, 2007
- Emerging implications of nanotechnology on cancer diagnostics and therapeuticsCancer, 2006
- Ionic Liquids--Solvents of the Future?Science, 2003
- Changing patient perceptions of the side effects of cancer chemotherapyCancer, 2002